How can I use a multi-channel GPR array for archaeology?  

A multi-channel GPR array, such as a MALÅ MIRA HDR system, will give you the highest possible resolution over complex archeological features of many different types. With a MIRA HDR…

How should I carry out 2D GPR measurements to find old building remains?

Selecting the correct survey strategy for locating old building remains will depend on what type of structure you are looking…

How do I find groundwater?

You can find the groundwater level, estimate the volume of an aquifer, map water bearing fractures etc. or try to determine the water quality (i.e. fresh, brackish…

What do I need to know about geophones?

Geophones are used in seismic investigations to transform the vibration in the ground to a voltage. The geophones are analogue instruments,…

Which velocity should I use for my GPR investigations and why?

Ground penetrating radar (GPR)  equipment measures the time it takes for a transmitted energy pulse to travel from the antenna, through a medium, to a target where the energy…

What is the difference between 1D, 2D and 3D measurements?  

The difference between 1D, 2D and 3D geophysical measurements is related to how you measure and process the data you collect. For 1D measurements data are only…

Why am I getting negative resistivity values?

There are many possible causes of negative readings, the majority of which are not a result of instrument malfunction. The most common issues are poor electrode contact, inappropriate power settings,…

How do I find bedrock?

You can find bedrock and determine whether its depth is consistent or varying through the use of one or several different geophysical techniques or by geotechnical investigations such as…

What trace interval should I use for GPR investigations?

The trace (also called a scan) or point interval of your GPR investigations depends mostly on your application and can…

Can I carry out GPR measurements in any climate?

GPR is a very versatile method and successful GPR measurements has been carried out in all climate zones on earth…